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Pelletier/Castriotta : Considering Early Ideas of Government: Rome, Byzantine Empire

Students research a political thinker and role play their historical figure in a classroom discussion.

Seneca The Younger (Rome)

"Every night before going to sleep, we must ask ourselves: what weakness did I overcome today? What virtue did I acquire?" - Seneca the Younger

Staatliche Museen zu Berlin—Preussischer Kulturbesitz
Fig. 1. Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca The Younger).

Seneca (Britannica School) - Database article discusses Seneca's life, political career, and works; click on "Reading Level 3" for a more detailed text.

Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca the Younger) (World Eras) - Database article summarizing Seneca's life and contributions.

Seneca (World History Encyclopedia) - Webpage shares Seneca's life, legacy, work, and philosophy; includes timeline of his life.

Seneca the Younger (Academic Kids Encyclopedia) - Webpage covering Seneca's life and work.

Empress Theodora (Byzantine Empire)

“I know it's the belief that women should never show daring in front of men. Never be bold when men hesitate. I know flight is not the answer; even to save our lives.” - Empress Theodora

Byzantine mosaic
Fig. 2. Mosaic of Empress Theodora.

Theodora (Britannica School) - Database article highlighting the Byzantine empress's influence; click on "Reading Level 3" for a more detailed text.

Theodora (ca. 500–548) (The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages) - Database article providing a summary of Theodora's life.

Empress Theodora (World History Encyclopedia) - Comprehensive webpage covering Theodora's life, political dealings, and her impact on the Byzantine empire.